Marx's theory of productivity from the perspective of historical materialism provides a systematically theoretical basis for further in-depth exploration of NQP. The new quality leap of the three basic elements of productivity and their optimal combination is the basic connotation of NQP. NQP is essentially the real ability of human beings to creatively understand and transform nature in a higher level. NQP is a complex system leading the improvement of the total factor productivity through scientific and technological innovation. NQP is interconnected with the new type of production relations and plays a role in each other. Based on the rich connotation of NQP, it shows four dimensional characteristics: brain workers as the main body, technological breakthroughs driven by disruptive innovation, structural multi-factor penetration and integration, and morphological digital intelligence and green industry. To accelerate the formation of NQP, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the socialist system to promote high-level scientific and technological innovation, to promote the all-round penetration and integration of digital technology into production factors, to continuously cultivate high-quality talents adapted to the development of NQP and to cultivate and grow strategic emerging industries and future industries to help high-quality development.