The “14th Five-Year Plan” period is a key transition period from comprehensively building a well-off society to basically realizing socialist modernization. Based on the dual dimensions of quantity and quality, this paper uses the trend extrapolation method to predict the future economic growth potential. In the next 10 years, China's potential economic growth rate will show a significant decline, while the quality potential of economic growth will show a significant upward trend. The strategic objectives of building a modern socialist country during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period mainly include: promoting highquality development as the basic orientation, enhancing the core competitiveness of the country as the concentrated expression, improving people's well-being as the ultimate goal, and promoting the modernization of state governance as an important guarantee. On this basis, the strategic focus of the “14th Five-Year Plan” period is more powerful innovation drive, more optimized economic structure, more comprehensive infrastructure system and a more modern development path.