This paper first builds an endogenous growth model including public education and health human capital. According to the analysis of the model, the relationship between public education and public health human capital investment and economic growth is an “inverted U”. Then, using the system GMM, the researchers study the impact of public education and health human capital investment on economic growth in China. The results show that the public education human capital investment in the country and the four regions can significantly promote the economic growth. The promotion effect in the eastern, central and northeastern regions is higher, while in the western region it is lower. The public health human capital investment of the national and western region has a significant negative impact on economic growth, and the investment of public health human capital in the eastern and central regions has a negative impact on economic growth, but the effect is not significant. The public health human capital investment in the northeast region has a positive effect on the economic growth. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on public education and health human capital investment in China.