Based on the research sample of the A-stock listed companies during 2008-2014 in China, this paper testifies the relationship between the leadership structure of the CEO and the chairman and the corporate performance. The result shows that (1) for the two-in-one duty companies, when the current firm performance is poor, the implementation of two duties after separation produced significant positive effect on firm performance, and the implementation of turnover separation produced significantly negative influence on firm performance.（2）When the current firm performance is poor, the implementation of two-duty separation produced positive impact on firm performance, and the implementation of turnover separation produced significant positive impact on firm performance. Yet apprentice separation or demotion separation impact on performance is not significant .（3）For the two-duty separated companies，when the current firm performance is good, the implementation of two duties together produced positive effect on firm performance.（4）In the state-owned enterprises，the company’s current performance is not significantly related to the leadership structure of CEO duality.（5）Under the single largest shareholder structure, the company’s current performance is negatively related to the executive changes significantly, but there is no significant relationship between the company’s current performance and the leader structure change. The paper provides direct empirical evidence for further improving the structure of the board of directors of the listed companies.