It is a strategic choice for China to build a new development pattern to reshape new advantages in international cooperation and competition, in which the domestic cycle is the main body and the domestic and international cycles are mutually reinforcing, which is the only way to realize China's economic security, stability and high-quality development. Based on the logical relationship between the supply chain and the double cycle, this paper reveals the in-depth formation mechanism of the double cycle promoted by the supply chain, that is to say, by forging the toughness of the supply chain and improving the flexibility of the supply chain, we can promote the domestic cycle; by enhancing the security and self-control ability of the supply chain, we can realize the mutual promotion and coordination of the double cycle; by improving the sustainability of the supply chain, we can optimize the quality of the domestic cycle, dredge the blocking points of the international economic cycle, and then help to form a new development pattern of the double cycle. On this basis, from the new perspective of the supply chain, the “internal cycle” and “external cycle” formed by the demand side, supply side and the structural optimization and mechanism innovation of the supply chain itself are organically combined through the cross-border collaboration of the supply chain, which is forming a complete theoretical framework of the “double cycle”, as the “internal cycle” and “external cycle” are nested and coordinated with each other. Finally, from the perspective of the supply chain, this paper puts forward the specific path to realize the double cycle.