The inspection report is the scientific evidence to solve the specialized problems in criminal cases. It is significantly different from expert opinions, specialized problem reports or professional inference conclusions. As scientific evidence, the condition that the inspection report has evidential capacity is that it has the formal and substantive elements of criminal evidence, and takes the evidential relevance of the inspection report as the core to judge the probative value of the inspection report. The inspection report should be applied to special types of specialized problems in criminal proceedings. The production subject of the inspection report should have the professional qualification of the scientific community. The inspection procedure should be in line with the scientific, that is, the specific standard operation procedure. The inspection report should have a clear scope of application and certification object. The technical standards of the inspection report should be based on the standards promulgated by national or international officials. The guiding cases reaffirm the practical value of the inspection report as a kind of criminal evidence. In the age of big data, the inspection report should become a scientific proof method for the theory of criminal proof and criminal judicial practice.