Artificial intelligence technology has played a positive role in improving total factor productivity, laying the foundation for sound economic development. However, while artificial intelligence technology provides new momentum for economic development, it may also have a negative impact on employment structure and income distribution. Affected by policy factors such as the household registration system and the priority of industrial development, the skill level of the domestic urban labor force is better than that in the rural areas, and the domestic income gap is mainly manifested in the urban-rural income gap. Using artificial intelligence patent application information to construct indicators for measuring regional artificial intelligence technology development, empirical studies have found that the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has widened the urban-rural income gap at the provincial level. Therefore, while actively promoting the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, we should also pay attention to the employment pressure brought by the development of artificial intelligence technology to low-and medium-skilled workers, focus on solving the problem of reemployment, share the dividends of artificial intelligence technology, and realize the harmonious development of people, technology and economy.