The localized urbanization of rural residents, a voluntary and conscious identity transformation of residents as subjects, is a key link in urban revitalization and urban-rural integration as well as a new phenomenon in the identity-based citizenship of farmers and the mobility-based citizenship of migrant workers. In the process of generating endogenous drive for rural development, it is all the more important to highlight the main role and function of rural residents, to reshape the roles of the government, the market and society. The cases of Zhejiang and Shanxi show that in order to promote rural urbanization, it is necessary to build a synergistic mechanism of government rights empowerment, market profit empowerment and social energy empowerment with rural residents as subjects, to arouse farmers' consciousness of being subjects, and to tap the huge potential and driving force in vast rural areas, so as to gradually enable rural residents to enjoy a modern life of the same quality with urban residents.