Since the beginning of the 19th century, the main translators of the Mencius have transferred from the Jesuits to the Protestant missionary, whose interpretation both carried on the former’s efforts and had some new features with the times. This paper, taking David Collie, James Legge and Ernst Faber for examples, is dedicated to conduct a comprehensive survey of the Mencius’ western translation and reception in the 19th century. It focuses on the religious and philosophical examination of the receptive background, respectively particular consciousness of question, and specific fusion of different horizons, based on which I make my own comments and criticism.