Using grounded theory to analyze the literatures about modern logistics theory. Established a “modular” framework of modern logistics theory system which consists of the both the layer of technological sciences and the layer of theory application. The layer of technological sciences was composed of the module of logistics theoretical foundation, the core theoretical module of logistics and the technological sciences theoretical module of logistics. The layer of theory application was made up of the theoretical module of logistics operation management, the theoretical module of logistics engineering, the module of logistics industrial theory and the module of logistics service theory. By compared with the difference between Chinese and Western for various sub-modular logistics theoretical research, some research priorities were revealed for the Chinese scholars. Our findings provide new and useful perspective to scholars for classified research about modern logistics theory. And provide ideas to the China’s logistics industry for “modular” logistics system established and research.