|
|
Retail Competition, Channel Power and Upstream Cartel |
ZHANG Hao |
|
|
Abstract This paper studies the impact of retail competition and channel-power on cartel in upstream industries with theoretical models. The results show that when the competition in retail section goes fiercer, the new upstream cartels will tend to be unstable, and the existing ones are more likely to break up. However, if the retail section becomes more monopolistic, existing cartels will be more stable and new stable ones are more likely to form. Furthermore, if the retailers using channel power to demand profit transfer from manufacturers, there will be more upstream cartels, which tend to be more stable. Thus, a competitive retail section and balanced channel-power distribution will be favorable for preventing stable cartels among upstream manufacturers.
|
Received: 24 December 2013
Published: 15 March 2014
|
Corresponding Authors:
ZHANG Hao
E-mail: zhh24816@163.com
|
|
|
|
[1] |
FRIEDMAN J W., Non-cooperative Equilibrium for Supergames[J], Review of Economic Studies, 1971, 38(1):1-12.
|
[2] |
ABREU D, PEARCE D, Stacchetti E., Optimal Cartel Equilibria with Imperfect Monitoring[J], Journal of Economic Theory, 1986, 39(1): 251-269.
|
[3] |
SHAFFER S, Stable Cartels with a Cournot Fringe[J], Southern Economic Journal, 1995,61(3): 744-754.
|
[4] |
SYMEONIDIS G, In Which Industries Is Collusion More Likely? Evidence from the UK[J], The Journal of Industrial Economics, 2003,51(1): 45-74.
|
[5] |
LEVENSTEIN M C, SUSLOW V Y, What Determines Cartel Success? [J], Journal of Economic Literature, 2006, 44. March): 43-95.
|
[6] |
周勤. 这样的卡特尔为什么难以维持[J]. 管理世界, 2002(6): 118-123.
|
[7] |
罗建兵,许敏兰. 合谋理论的演进与新发展[J]. 产业经济研究, 2007(3): 56-61.
|
[8] |
MARTIN S, 2002, Advanced Industrial Economics [M], 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishers. Oxford, UK.
|
[9] |
MATHEWSON G F, Winter R., The Law and Economics of Resale Price Maintenance[J], Review of Industrial Organization, 1998, 13): 57-84.
|
[10] |
张昊. 流通渠道中竞合关系的演化及竞争政策的作用[J]. 商业经济与管理, 2010(10):待刊.
|
[11] |
张昊,唐成伟,骆毅. 零售寡头横向竞争对渠道纵向关系的影响[J]. 产业经济研究, 2011(5): 45-52.
|
[12] |
CHEN Z, Dominant Retailers and the Countervailing-power Hypothesis[J], The Rand Journal of Economics, 2003, 34(4): 612-625.
|
[13] |
魏静. 行业协会卡特尔行为的《反垄断法》规制[J]. 法治研究, 2010(1): 31-35.
|
[14] |
唐要家,唐春晖. 反垄断法能有效威慑卡特尔犯罪吗?[J]. 财贸经济, 2009(11): 127-130.
|
|
|
|