As an important government behavior to change the spatial layout of the jurisdictions, the government resident relocation will help improve the efficiency of regional resource allocation, but its impact on the development of the enterprise is still unknown. On the basis of collecting and sorting out the resettlement time of Chinese prefecture-level city government location, and combined with the Chinese industrial enterprise database, we empirically tested the impact characteristics of government resident relocation. The study found that government resident relocation significantly promoted corporate TFP promotion, and this impact is positively related to relocation distance. Further analysis found that government relocation has a certain tendency to “help the weak”, and it is not conducive to the development of high-capital-intensive and high-subsidized enterprises, yet it helps to improve the TFP in non-state-owned enterprises. Our research conclusions not only provide a new perspective for clarifying the role of the government in the process of regional economic development, but also provide reference for local government relocation management.