Confucian culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. Whether Chinese enterprises can improve the quality of their export products with the help of Confucian culture is still an unknown academic issue. Based on the data of China Customs and China industrial enterprise database from 2001 to 2007, this paper uses the influence mechanism of informal system on human behavior and historical information and data in the new institutional economics theory to explain the influence of culture on economic behavior. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, the results show that Confucian culture promotes the export quality of Chinese enterprises, and has a greater impact on private enterprises than on state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. This paper not only analyzes the economic value of Chinese Confucian culture, but also provides evidence and new exploration path for improving the quality and competitiveness of Chinese enterprises' export products and enhancing the confidence of traditional culture.